| .NET | Cross-platform, open-source framework known for supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| Ada | High-level, structured, and object-oriented language with strong typing, used for reliability in mission-critical systems. |
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| Agda | Dependently typed functional programming language and proof assistant used for writing and verifying proofs. |
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| Alda | Text-based programming language for music composition with simple syntax for musicians and programmers. |
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| AMPL | Algebraic modeling language for complex optimization problems in large-scale computing. |
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| APL | A concise programming language focused on multi-dimensional arrays, using unique symbols to represent functions, influencing modeling and functional programming. |
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| Assembly | Low-level programming language closely aligned with machine code instructions. |
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| AWK | Text processing and data extraction, common on Unix-like systems. |
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| Ballerina | Open source general-purpose programming language designed for cloud-native and concurrent applications. |
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| Bash | Shell and command language supported by the Free Software Foundation. |
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| BASIC | Family of high-level programming languages created in 1964 to make programming more accessible. |
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| Beef | High-performance language for real-time applications with manual memory management. |
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| Bicep | DSL for deploying Azure resources with a simplified syntax. |
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| Blade | Templating engine integrated with Laravel, enabling PHP logic in HTML. |
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| Boo | Statically typed language with Python-like syntax and support for .NET framework features. |
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| Boomerang | Language for bidirectional transformations on textual data formats. |
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| Bun | A fast JavaScript runtime with a built-in bundler and npm-compatible package manager. |
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| C | General-purpose language foundational in systems and application programming. |
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| C# | Versatile high-level language supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| C++ | General-purpose language designed by Bjarne Stroustrup, supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| c3 | Modern enhancement of C with module systems, semantic macros, and improved error handling, maintaining C compatibility. |
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| Cassette | Simple, DIY personal programming language focusing on fun. |
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| ChucK | Concurrent, real-time audio programming language for synthesis and performance. |
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| Ciao | Modern Prolog implementation focused on portability, extensibility, and modularity. |
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| Cilk | Family of languages designed for parallel computing extending C and C++. |
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| Clang | Compiler front end for C, C++, Objective-C, and Objective-C++, integrating with LLVM. |
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| Clean | Functional programming language known for uniqueness typing and lazy evaluation. |
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| Clojure | Dynamic language known for its expressiveness and concurrent processing capabilities. |
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| Clozure CL | Free Common Lisp implementation offering full ANSI compliance and several extensions. |
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| CMake | Cross-platform build system that generates build files for software projects. |
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| CodeMonkey | Educational coding platform for beginners, teaching programming concepts through game-based learning. |
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| CoffeeScript | Compiles into JavaScript, enhancing its brevity with syntactic sugar inspired by Haskell, Ruby, and Python. |
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| Common Lisp | A high-performance, ANSI-standardized Lisp dialect recognized for its flexibility and macro system, supporting multiple programming paradigms. |
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| Coq | Interactive theorem prover focused on formal verification and proof checking. |
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| Cozo | A database leveraging Datalog for queries. |
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| Csound | Flexible, high-quality, domain-specific programming language for sound and music computing. |
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| Curry | Declarative language that integrates features of functional and logic programming paradigms |
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| Cython | Is an optimising static compiler for Python and Cython extensions improving performance and interoperability with C. |
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| Dart | Language for building web, mobile, and server apps, with tools to compile to JavaScript and WebAssembly. |
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| Datalevin | A simple, fast and versatile Datalog database. |
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| Datomic | Distributed database with an immutable data model and Datalog implementation. |
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| Deno | A secure JavaScript and TypeScript runtime focusing on simplicity. |
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| Eclair | A logic programming language for specifying complex rules over large datasets efficiently. |
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| Eiffel | Object-oriented programming language emphasizing design by contract. |
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| Emacs Lisp | Lisp dialect for extending the Emacs editor. |
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| Eqlog | A logic programming language for Datalog with equality support. |
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| Erlang | Concurrent functional language for scalable real-time systems. |
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| Euphoria | User-friendly language focusing on simplicity and readability, popular for various applications on multiple OS platforms. |
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| Extempore | High-performance language for real-time audiovisual computing and live coding. |
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| F# | Functional-first language on the .NET platform, known for its strong typing and multi-paradigm capabilities. |
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| Fantom | General-purpose object-oriented language, designed for cross-platform use and supporting static and dynamic typing. |
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| FAUST | Designed for sound synthesis and high-performance audio processing, supporting multiple backends. |
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| Fennel | Lua-compatible language with Lisp syntax and macro system. |
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| Flix | Functional, imperative, and logic language focusing on type and effect systems. |
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| Flutter | Toolkit for creating natively compiled cross-platform apps from a single codebase. |
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| Forth | Stack-oriented programming language known for its flexibility, efficiency, and use in embedded systems. |
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| Fortran | Language optimized for high-performance numerical computation and scientific computing. |
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| Free Pascal | Pascal compiler supporting multiple architectures and dialects. |
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| Frink | Performs physical calculations while tracking units of measure. |
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| Futhark | Functional, parallel programming language optimized for high-performance GPU and CPU execution. |
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| Gambit | Scheme implementation with both an interpreter and a C compiler, emphasizing simplicity and performance. |
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| GDB | Portable debugger for Unix-like systems supporting various languages. |
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| GDScript | High-level, dynamically typed language for the Godot Engine. |
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| Gforth | Free and portable implementation of the Forth language adhering to the ANS Forth standard. |
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| Gleam | A general-purpose, functional language that compiles to Erlang and JavaScript, featuring static, inferred typing for concurrent programming. |
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| GNAT | Free Ada compiler in the GCC suite, supporting all Ada versions. |
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| GNU Prolog | A Prolog implementation with an interpreter and native compiler. |
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| GraalVM | High-performance runtime for multiple languages including Java, Python, and WebAssembly, with polyglot capabilities. |
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| Gravity | Lightweight, embeddable programming language supporting multiple paradigms. |
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| Gremlin | Graph traversal language and virtual machine developed by Apache TinkerPop. |
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| GUPU | An environment specialized for Prolog and constraint programming. |
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| Hack | PHP-influenced language with static and gradual typing, used on the HHVM platform. |
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| Haskell | Statically-typed, purely functional language known for type inference and lazy evaluation. |
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| HCL | Declarative configuration language used in Terraform to define cloud infrastructure resources. |
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| HiveQL | SQL-like query language for Hadoop developed by Apache Hive. |
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| HotSpot VM | Java virtual machine known for its just-in-time compilation and adaptive optimization techniques. |
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| Hy | Lisp dialect embedded in Python, facilitating seamless integration with Python libraries and syntax. |
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| Ichiban Prolog | An embeddable ISO Prolog interpreter in Go. |
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| Idris | Purely-functional language for Type-Driven Development with dependent types and optional lazy evaluation. |
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| Inko | Language for efficient, safe concurrent software, with features like static typing and type-safe concurrency. |
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| Intel Fortran | High-performance computing compiler suite from Intel, supporting multiple platforms. |
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| Io | A pure object-oriented language with a prototype-based model, inspired by Smalltalk, Self, and others, emphasizing simplicity, flexibility, and concurrency. |
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| Janet | Versatile, lightweight programming language, ideal for embedded scripting in C/C++ with functional and imperative paradigms. |
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| Jank | clojure-compatible language with an LLVM-based JIT compiler for native performance. |
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| Java | High-level language known for its portability and extensive ecosystem. |
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| JavaScript | Scripting language essential for web interactivity and development. |
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| Jinja | Web template engine for Python, known for its flexible syntax and functionality. |
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| JIProlog | An interpreter for the Prolog language implemented in Java. |
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| jq | Lightweight and flexible command-line JSON processor. |
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| JRuby | Java-based implementation of Ruby, integrating closely with Java for two-way access. |
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| JSON | Lightweight data-interchange format that is easy for humans to read and write and easy for machines to parse and generate. |
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| Jupyter Notebook | Web-based interactive computational environment for creating notebook documents. |
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| Jython | Python implementation for the Java platform, enabling Python code to run on the JVM. |
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| K | Proprietary array language, foundation of kdb+, developed by Kx Systems. |
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| Kotlin | Concise, statically typed language interoperative with Java, targeting JVM and other platforms. |
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| LabVIEW | Graphical environment for data acquisition and industrial automation. |
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| Lisp | Family of programming languages known for its fully parenthesized prefix notation and influence on AI research. |
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| LLVM | Set of compiler technologies for developing language frontends and architecture backends. |
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| Lobster | Statically typed, game-oriented language with Python-like syntax and compile-time memory management. |
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| Logtalk | Object-oriented logic programming language extending Prolog. |
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| Lua | Lightweight, high-level language designed for embedding in applications. |
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| Luau | Lua subset developed by Roblox for game scripting with gradual typing. |
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| Makefile | Tool used for build automation, defining build tasks in makefiles based on file timestamps. |
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| MiniZinc | Language for constraint modelling and solving complex combinatorial problems. |
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| MLton | SML97 compatibile language with advanced optimizations. |
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| Modelica | Non-proprietary, object-oriented language for modeling complex physical systems across multiple domains. |
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| Mojo | Modular language blending Python's syntax with C-like performance. |
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| Mono | .NET compatible software framework. |
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| MoonScript | Dynamic scripting language compiling to Lua with CoffeeScript-inspired syntax. |
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| mruby | Lightweight Ruby interpreter designed for embeddability. |
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| Natlog | A lightweight Prolog-like system designed for interoperability with deep learning tools. |
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| NetLogo | Multi-agent environment for modeling complex systems. |
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| Nim | Statically typed, compiled language focusing on performance and elegant syntax, compilable to C, C++, and JavaScript. |
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| Node.js | A JavaScript runtime for server-side execution. |
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| Objective-C | Object-oriented language that extends C with Smalltalk-style message passing. |
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| OCaml | General-purpose, multi-paradigm language extending Caml with OO features. |
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| Odin | A high-performance language, offers an alternative to C for systems programming with a focus on simplicity and data-oriented development. |
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| Orca | Esoteric language for creating procedural sequencers for music and visual applications. |
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| Pascal | An imperative and procedural language designed by Niklaus Wirth, known for encouraging structured programming and data structuring. |
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| Perl | Dynamic language known for its text-processing capabilities. |
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| PHP | Scripting language primarily used for web development. |
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| Picat | A multi-paradigm language integrating functional, logic, and imperative programming features. |
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| PKL | Configuration language for defining data structures and generating JSON or YAML outputs. |
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| Potassco | Targets combinatorial search problems using efficient ASP solvers. |
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| PowerShell | Shell and scripting language from Microsoft. |
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| Processing | Language for visual and multimedia programming. |
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| Prolog | Logic programming language used in AI and theorem proving, influenced by first-order logic for declarative tasks. |
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| Protocol Buffer | Platform-neutral extensible mechanism for serializing structured data developed by Google. |
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| Pure | Based on term rewriting, integrating symbolic computation and JIT compilation via LLVM. |
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| Pure Data | Visual programming language for interactive computer music and multimedia. |
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| PureScript | Strongly-typed, purely-functional language similar to Haskell, compiling to JavaScript. |
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| PyPy | High-performance alternative implementation of Python featuring a JIT compiler for speed. |
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| Python | Dynamic, high-level programming language known for its easy-to-read syntax. |
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| QML | Declarative user interface markup language, primarily for Qt Quick applications. |
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| R | Language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. |
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| R5RS | R5RS is the fifth version of Scheme, emphasizing minimalist and functional programming. |
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| Racket | Multi-paradigm language derived from Lisp and Scheme, known for powerful macros and libraries. |
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| Raku | Raku, formerly Perl 6, is a multi-paradigm language in the Perl family, featuring dynamic and gradual typing. |
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| Rascal | Domain-specific language for metaprogramming and implementing domain-specific languages. |
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| Reason | Multi-paradigm language focusing on functional programming, compiling to OCaml and JavaScript. |
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| Rebol | Cross-platform multi-paradigm language known for its dialects and simplicity. |
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| RMarkdown | Document format for creating dynamic reports by integrating R code chunks in markdown-like syntax. |
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| Ruby | Interpreted, high-level language focused on productivity and simplicity. |
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| Rust | General-purpose programming language emphasizing performance, type safety, and concurrency. |
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| Rye | High-level, interpreted programming language focused on simplicity and expressiveness. |
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| Sass | Preprocessor language that compiles to CSS. |
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| SBCL | Open-source, high-performance Common Lisp implementation derived from CMUCL. |
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| Scheme | Minimalistic Lisp dialect known for its functional programming capabilities. |
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| Scopes | Modern, multi-stage programming language with a focus on systems programming and expressiveness. |
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| sed | Unix utility that parses and transforms text, using a compact programming language developed by Lee E. McMahon. |
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| Self | Prototype-based dynamic OOP language, influenced by Smalltalk and APL, impacting JavaScript. |
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| ShaderLab | ShaderLab allows developers to define shaders within the Unity engine for custom graphics rendering. |
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| Shen | Multi-paradigm language blending functional and logic programming for symbolic computation. |
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| ShEx | Used for RDF data validation and description. |
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| Smarty | PHP template engine for separating presentation and application logic. |
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| Soufflé | Parallel logic programming language used for static analysis and reverse engineering, influenced by Datalog. |
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| SQL | Domain-specific language for managing data in relational databases. |
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| Squeak | Modern Smalltalk with a fast execution environment and the Morphic framework. |
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| Squirrel | Object-oriented scripting language designed for applications like video games. |
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| Standard ML | Functional programming language known for its type inference and usage in compiler writing. |
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| Starlark | Python-like configuration language used for application configuration and build automation with tools like Bazel. |
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| SuperCollider | Real-time audio synthesis and music composition. |
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| SWI-Prolog | Implementation of Prolog focused on versatility and rich libraries. |
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| Swift | Developed by Apple for its platforms, with a focus on safety and performance. |
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| Tcl | Dynamic, interpreted programming language known for its extensibility, embeddability, and support for multiple paradigms. |
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| TeX | Typesetting system for scientific and academic documents, designed by Donald Knuth. |
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| Trealla Prolog | An efficient Prolog interpreter with concurrent capabilities. |
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| TXL | Language for creating and manipulating programming languages with pattern-matching. |
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| TypeScript | Strongly typed superset of JavaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript. |
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| Unison | Statically-typed, functional language treating code as data for efficient distributed programming. |
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| V8 | V8 is a high-performance JavaScript engine used in Chrome and Node.js. |
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| Vala | Object-oriented language that generates C code using the GObject system. |
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| Vim script | Vim script is the scripting language built into the Vim text editor, designed for user customization. |
|---|
| WebAssembly | Binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine for the web. |
|---|
| Whiley | Functional and imperative language with contracts and formal specification features. |
|---|
| Wing | Designed for managing cloud infrastructure and serverless applications. |
|---|
| Wolfram Language | High-level language used in Mathematica, known for symbolic computation and functional programming. |
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| XML | Markup language used for storing and sharing data. |
|---|
| Xojo | Cross-platform development tool and proprietary object-oriented programming language for building native applications. |
|---|
| XPath | Expression language for querying and transforming XML documents. |
|---|
| XProc | XML transformation language for processing documents in pipelines. |
|---|
| XQuery | W3C language for querying and transforming XML data using XPath. |
|---|
| XSB | Prolog dialect with tabled resolution for logic programming and deductive databases. |
|---|
| XSLT | Declarative language for transforming XML documents. |
|---|
| YAML | Human-readable data serialization language for configuration files and data exchange, featuring minimal syntax. |
|---|
| Zig | System programming language designed as an improvement over C/C++ with native error handling and performance enhancements. |
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